Mongolia

Mongolia

Mongolia, officially the Mongolian People’s Republic, is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia, located between Russia to the north and China to the south. Known for its vast steppes, deserts, and nomadic traditions, Mongolia has a rich cultural history and unique natural landscapes.

Mongolia covers an area of approximately 1,564,116 square kilometres and has a population of around 3.5 million people as of 2024–2025.

Key Country Information

  • Capital City: Ulaanbaatar
  • Head of State (President): Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh
  • Head of Government (Prime Minister): Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene
  • Official Language: Mongolian
  • Currency: Mongolian Tugrik (MNT)
  • International Dialing Code: +976

Population and Economy

Mongolia has a population of approximately 3.5 million. Its economy is heavily based on natural resources, including mining (coal, copper, gold, uranium), livestock, and agriculture. In recent years, the country has been developing sectors like construction, manufacturing, and services to diversify its economy.

Foreign nationals can find employment opportunities in mining, infrastructure, construction, tourism, and international development projects. Living standards vary widely, with Ulaanbaatar offering modern amenities while rural areas remain traditional and sparsely populated.

International Memberships

  • United Nations (UN): Member since 1961
  • Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD): Member since 2002
  • Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO): Dialogue Partner since 2005
  • World Trade Organization (WTO): Observer
  • Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO): Observer

Living and Working in Mongolia

Foreign nationals require a work visa and residence permit to work legally in Mongolia. Employment opportunities exist in mining, construction, tourism, education, and international NGOs. Employers typically sponsor the work permit and assist with residence registration.

Mongolia has a relatively low cost of living compared to developed countries, but Ulaanbaatar is more expensive than rural areas. The country experiences extreme seasonal temperature variations, which should be considered when relocating.

Summary

Mongolia is a large landlocked country in Central Asia with a resource-rich economy, vast natural landscapes, and a unique nomadic culture. Foreign nationals can work legally with a visa and residence permit, particularly in mining, construction, tourism, and development sectors. Mongolia is an active member of the UN, ACD, SCO (Dialogue Partner), and participates in regional cooperation initiatives.