Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country located in Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. It lies between Croatia to the north, west, and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast. The country also has a short coastline along the Adriatic Sea.
Bosnia and Herzegovina covers an area of approximately 51,200 square kilometres and has a population of around 3.2 million people. It is known for its diverse cultural heritage, shaped by Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, and Yugoslav influences.
Key Country Information
- Capital City: Sarajevo
- Head of State: Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (tripartite presidency)
- Head of Government: Borjana Krišto (Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers)
- Official Languages: Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
- Currency: Convertible Mark (BAM)
- International Dialing Code: +387
Population and Economy
As of 2024–2025, Bosnia and Herzegovina has an estimated population of approximately 3.2 million. The economy is classified as an upper-middle-income economy and is still transitioning following the post-war reconstruction period.
Key economic sectors include manufacturing, energy, metal processing, agriculture, construction, and tourism. The country has strong trade ties with the European Union, particularly with neighboring EU member states.
European Union and Schengen Status
Bosnia and Herzegovina is not a member of the European Union but is in the process of EU integration.
- EU Member State since: ❌ Not a member (EU candidate country)
- Euro Area Member since: ❌ Uses Convertible Mark (BAM)
- Schengen Area Member since: ❌ Not a member
The country was granted EU candidate status in 2022. Citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina can travel visa-free to the Schengen Area for short stays.
Living and Working in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina offers a relatively low cost of living and growing opportunities in sectors such as manufacturing, tourism, and IT.
EU/EEA citizens may enter and stay for limited periods without a visa, while non-EU nationals generally require a residence and work permit for employment. Work permits are usually tied to a specific employer.
Summary
Bosnia and Herzegovina is a culturally diverse European country in the Western Balkans, with strong historical ties to Europe and an ongoing path toward European Union membership. While not part of the EU or Schengen Area, it remains closely connected to European political and economic systems.
